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Ketimpangan Distribusi Tenaga Medis dan Tantangan Tata Kelola SDM Kesehatan: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review
Abstract
Kekurangan dan ketimpangan distribusi tenaga medis merupakan permasalahan struktural yang dihadapi oleh berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Meskipun berbagai kebijakan pemenuhan telah diterapkan, kajian akademik terdahulu masih bersifat parsial dengan membedah aspek workforce planning, distribusi, atau retensi secara terpisah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan ketiga pilar tersebut ke dalam satu kesatuan kerangka tata kelola melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA. Sepuluh artikel ilmiah dari basis data Scopus, PubMed, DOAJ, dan SINTA dianalisis secara kritis setelah melalui uji risiko bias menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Hasil sintesis literatur menghasilkan suatu kerangka konseptual integratif yang menunjukkan keterkaitan antara tata kelola SDMK, distribusi dokter, retensi dokter, ketersediaan pelayanan, serta akses dan mutu pelayanan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan distribusi yang hanya menitikberatkan pada insentif finansial cenderung belum efektif apabila tidak didukung oleh tata kelola non-finansial, seperti kepastian jalur karier, pemenuhan alat medis, dan mitigasi burnout
Kata Kunci: Tenaga Medis; Distribusi Tenaga Kesehatan; Retensi Dokter; Tata Kelola SDMK; Systematic Literature Review.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52643/marsi.v10i4.8940
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