Daya Hambat In Vitro Ekstrak Buah Bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.) terhadap Jamur Penyebab Busuk Akar (Ganoderma sp.) pada Kelapa Sawit

Fradilla Swandi, Febrianti Febrianti, Salmiyati Salmiyati, Dewi Andri Yani

Abstract


Ganoderma sp. is a fungal pathogen that causes basal stem rot in oil palm, leading to production losses of up to 80%. One potential method to inhibit fungal growth is the use of plant-based fungicides derived from bintaro fruit (Cerbera manghas L.) extract. This study aims to determine the effective concentration of C. manghas fruit extract for controlling Ganoderma sp., the causal agent of basal stem rot disease in oil palm, under in vitro conditions. The extract was tested at concentrations of 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% using a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The extract was prepared using distilled water (simple extraction) and incorporated into PDA medium. Observed parameters included fungal colony area, mycelial dry weight, and mycelial fresh weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results indicated that C. manghas fruit extract inhibited the growth of Ganoderma sp. The 6% extract concentration exhibited the highest inhibitory effect, reducing colony area by 15.49%, dry weight by 31.30%, and fresh weight by 30.77%.

Keywords


Bintaro; Fungisida nabati; Ganoderma sp; Busuk Akar Kelapa Sawit

Full Text:

PDF

References


BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2023. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia : Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics 2022. Badan Pusat Statistik. Jakarta.

Nurliana, Ginting, M.S., Guntoro, dan Fenni, R.A. 2022. Infeksi Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (BPB) pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit di Divisi I Kebun Bangun Bandar Pt Socfindo. Jurnal Agro Estate. 6 (2) : 99 – 107.

Ramli, N. 2023. Ganoderma Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang yang Mematikan pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Balai Besar Perbenihan Dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Medan. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan.https://balaimedan.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/Ganoderma-penyakit-busukpangkal-batang-yang-mematikan-pada-tanaman-kelapa-sawit/

Susanto, A., Prasetyo, A.E,, Priwiratama, H., Wening, S., dan Surianto. 2013.Ganoderma boninense as Causal Agent of Upper Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm.Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 9: 123-126.

Pinaria, A, dan Assa, B.H.2017. Jamur Patogen Tanaman terbawa Tanah. Media Nusa Creative, Malang.

Henessy, C., Daly, A.2007. Ganoderma Diseases. Northern Territory Government, Plant Pathology, Diagnostic Services,Darwin.

Priwiratama, H., Prasetyo, A.E., Susanto, A. 2014. Cultural Practices for Management of Basal Stem Rot Disease of Oil Palm. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 10(10) : 1-7.

Dadang dan Ohsawa, K. 2000. Penghambatan Aktivitas Makan Larva Plutellaxylostella (L).(Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) yang diperlakukan Ekstrak Biji Swietenia Mahogany JACQ (Meliaceae). Bul. Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan. 1:27-32

Sudarmo, S. 2005. Pestisida Nabati: Pembuatan dan Pemanfaatannya. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.

Saxena, M., Jadhav, E.B., Sankhla, M.S., Singhal, M., Parihar, K., Awasthi, K.K., dan Awasthi, G. 2023. Bintaro (Cerbera odollam and Cerbera manghas): an Overview of Its Eco friendly use, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Jurnal Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 30:71970–71983.

Chu, S.Y., Singh, H., Ahmad, M.S., Mamat, A.S., dan Lee, B.B. 2015. Phytochemical Screening of Antifungal Biocompounds from Fruits and Leaves Extract of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Malays Appl Biol 44(3):75–79

Sahoo, A., dan Marar, T. 2018. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Assay and Antimicrobial Activity in Leaf Extracts of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Pharmacogn J 10(2).

Sukmawati, D. 2016. Antagonism Mechanism of Fungal Contamination Animal Feed using Phylloplane Yeasts Isolated from the Bintaro Plant (Cerbera manghas) Bekasi in Java, Indonesia. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 5(5) : 63 –74

Hashim, R., Boon, J.G., Sulaiman, O., Kawamura, F., dan Lee, C.Y. 2009. Evaluation of the Decay Resistance Properties of Cerbera odollam Extracts and Their Influence on Properties of Particleboard. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation. 63 (8) : 1013 –1017.

Luangharn, T., S.C. Karunarathna, A.K. Dutta, S. Paloi, I. Promputtha, K.D. Hyde, J. Xu, and P.E. Mortimer. 2021. Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) Species from the Greater Mekong Subregion. Jurnal of Fungi. 7 (819) : 1 – 83

Xing, J.H., J. Song, C. Decock, and B.K. Cui. 2016. Morphological Characters and Phylogenetic analysis reveal a new species within the Ganoderma lucidum complex from South Africa. Phytotaxa. 266 (2) : 115 – 124.

Martono, E. 1997. Biopestisida sebagai penunjang pertanian berwawasan lingkungan. Seminar regional pengembangan pertanian berwawasan lingkungan HIMAGRO. Fakultas Pertanian UGM Yogyakarta.

Zhu, C., Lei, M., Andargie, M., Zeng, J., Li, J .2019. Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Action of Tannic Acid Against Penicillium digitatum. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol .107:46–50

Gizaw, A., Marami, L.M., Teshome, I., Sarba, E.J., Admasu, P., Babele, D.A., Dilba, G.M., Bune, W.M., Bayu, M.D., Tadesse, M., dan Abdisa, K. 2022.Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Adv Pharmacol Pharmaceutical Sci.

Heng, W., Ling, Z., Na, W., Youzhi, G., Zhen, W., Zhiyong, S., Deping, X., Yunfei, X., dan Weirong, Y.2014. Analysis of the Bioactive Components of Sapindus saponins. Industrial Crops Prod 61:422–429

Pimentao, A.R., C. Pascoal, B.B Castro, F. Cassio. 2021. Fungistatic effect of agro chemical and pharmaceutical fungicides on non-target aquatic decomposers does not translate into decreased fungi- or invertebrate-mediated decomposition. Environmental Pollution.285 : 1 - 11




DOI: https://doi.org/10.52643/jir.v16i3.5404

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Fradilla Swandi, Febrianti, Salmiyati dan Dewi Andri Yani

Flag Counter